Making Cheese

My best friend gave me a cheese making kit for Christmas!  She sent me the Camembert kit from CottageCrafts.  The kit contained:

2 Camembert hoops

2 pieces of cheesecloth

A 3ml pipette

Camembert starter culture

P. Candidum culture

A cooking thermometer with clip

Vegetable rennet

Wraps for camembert

Instruction booklet (includes a couple of other cheeses)

Iodine based solution for sterilisation with its own pipette

I read through the instructions and saw that it takes a month to cure so instead of having some camembert ready for her visit for New Years (she lives in Australia), I decided to make it with her when she came to stay with us.  We waited until the New Year’s party (a large regular event for us) was over and done with and we were all sufficiently recovered from it. 

She was quite surprised when I said I hadn’t watched any of the cheese-making clips on youtube, I’d just read a few instructional books and articles.  I’m glad that she had watched these clips - some parts of the process, I think, are easier when you’ve seen how others do it and there were a few times when I wasn’t sure if it was supposed to look like that.

Camembert

4 litres of milk was raised to 32 deg Celsius and 1/16th of a tsp of starter culture and the tip of a pointy knife of P. Candidum culture added.  The tip of a pointy knife wouldn’t fit inside the small tube, so it became the tip of a bamboo skewer twice. Left to sit for 30 mins.

2ml of rennet in 20 mls of cooled boiled water was added and it was left to sit for another 45 mins. Fortunately, through watching the youtube clips, my friend was able to tell me when it was ready - when it’s set, a cut will make a ‘clean break’ and separate.  Cut the curd into 2cm cubes.  Again the youtube clips helped - cutting down in two ways in a 10 litre stock pot (up and down and sideways) was easy, but how to do the cuts through the depth? I had thought I’d be turning it out onto a board and cutting it (yeah, that would never have worked). The trick to it is to angle your knife and make cuts from the top to the side of the pot, going around in quarters.  Difficult to describe, but simple if you see it done.  While the recipes all say cubes, they’re never perfect, even cubes.  Let sit for 5 mins.

Turn the curds.  Well, the top layers were nice cubes but at the bottom it was a bit different.  Here’s where I was looking at it wondering if I’d done it wrong.  Underneath, the stuff that was coming on top with the turning looked more like watery cottage cheese.  But this is fine.

Curds turned twice more at 10 minute intervals.  Drain off a third of the whey and replace with the same amount of cooled boiled water.  Draining off the whey wasn’t as easy as it sounded.  We poured cupfuls through cheesecloth and returned the curds caught in the cloth to the pot.

Turn the curds twice more at 10 minute intervals.  Drain off half the whey and ladle curds into the sterilised hoops.  The recipe said to have the hoops sitting on a draining tray covered with a sushi mat and then cheesecloth.  We weren’t quite sure what we were going to use for this, I don’t have sushi mats for a start.  My dehydrator trays worked brilliantly and I have a large bowl that the tray was able to sit over.  The curds filled the two hoops, looking somewhat like cottage cheese at this point.

After nearly a day in the hoops

The curd filled hoops are inverted at intervals, using another cloth lined tray and left overnight - basically to roughly 24 hours after starting. Then removed from hoops and soaked in a 20% brine mixture for an hour.  Here’s another point where we stopped.  20% brine?  1 cup of salt to 1 litre of water.

Dry cheese on a rack for another 24 hours.  Then stored for 10 days to ripen at 11-15 degrees. The cheese needs to be turned every two or three days. I figure that our little scullery room that doesn’t get any direct sunlight should work for this.  The hard part will be keeping it safe from flies and dust but still able to let the air at it.  Then wrapped in foil (the wraps that came with the pack) and stored for another week at 11-15 degrees.  Ready to eat after three to four weeks.  We haven’t gotten to this part yet, we’ve only just brined the cheese.  I will do an update when we have.  I am enjoying watching a large amount of milk turn into two small cheeses though.

Hubby looked at our two small hoops filled with curds and asked how much milk had gone into it.  Disbelief was expressed (and not politely) and costs were questioned - whether this was cheaper than just buying camembert.  So we did the maths.  That day, I’d bought two small camembert wheels - $4 each for 110g cheeses.  This kit was supposed to make two 250g cheeses - so we were looking at $16 (plus some) worth of cheese.  Two litres of milk is somewhere between $3.50 and $4.50 depending on where you buy it, so we were clearly making a saving.  He was content with that.

Some of the whey

We had saved all the whey that we’d drained off.  There was a ricotta recipe that uses whey in the instruction booklet and I’d recently seen an article in the December 2012 issue of the Lifestyle Block magazine that had uses for whey.  One said to use the whey within one hour of draining it off and the other said within two hours, so once we’d poured the curds into the hoops I started to heat the 2 1/2 litres of whey that we already had.

Ricotta

Once the whey had reached approx 60 degrees celsius, we added milk and salt - the recipes vary a little here.  One had 5 litres of whey, two cups of milk and 1 tsp of salt.  The other didn’t specify how much whey, only one cup of milk and no salt.

Ricotta hanging

We heated the whey up to 95 and added diluted vinegar (40ml vinegar in 200ml water).  Both recipes mentioned white vinegar, but I had none of this.  A little time spent on Google told us that many cheese makers use apple cider vinegar with no noticeable difference to the cheese, so that was what we used.  As soon as the curd starts forming stop adding vinegar.  Let it sit for five minutes and put into a colander lined with cheese cloth.  The youtube clips came in handy here too.  Different from both recipes was to hang the cloth to let it all drain properly.

We still had some whey left over so I wanted to try something else I’d seen in the magazine article. 

Gjetost (also known as Mysost)

Gjetost is a Norwegian sweet cheese - pronounced Yay-toast according to one of the websites we went looking at this morning.

Basically this is made by simmering the whey down to a fudge-like consistency and pouring it into a greased pan (like fudge) and cooling quickly.  As I write this, I’ve started simmering the whey.  I may even do this one twice - once with the whey that has come straight from the camembert and once with the leftover whey from making ricotta - whey from whey cheese.  I don’t know if the whey from the ricotta will be useful, but I’d rather try it and find out than tip it down the sink.

My first batch of Gjetost is done.  One litre of whey makes about half a cup of this.  Mine didn’t brown and I’m wondering if I took it off too early.  I was just a little disturbed when there was no liquid left in the pan and just some slightly off-white stuff - looked more like coconut ice than fudge to be honest.  It tastes similar at the moment to Barfi(sp) a Hindi sweet treat I was given a few times at Diwali.  Actually, if I recall correctly, Barfi is made from milk and sugar.  This lacks the aftertaste I’m guessing whatever causes this went into the curds.

Some discussion and thought has raised the suggestion that I didn’t actually simmer it.  I kept it on a very low setting and didn’t see any bubbles rising at all.  We’ve turned the heat up on the second batch to see if it makes a difference.  We also looked on some cheese making forums and found quite a useful discussion on gjetost.  In this forum, someone said that the only reason you don’t boil it is that it will make it scorch.

Second batch was no good.  This was using the leftover whey after making ricotta.  Two litres simmered down without thickening or going brown and when my back was turned for only five minutes it burned.

We’re also wondering if the problem came from having left the whey overnight before making the gjetost.  Perhaps it should have been made immediately like the ricotta.

We ran out of cheese cloths, with so many things going at once so a new unopened packet of chux-style cloths came out.  I’ve used these for straining all sorts of things and find that as long as they’re new and haven’t been used for anything else, they’re great.  After straining a jelly or in this case cheese through them, they can be washed and used for cleaning.

My New Dehydrator

One of the things that has been on my wish list for quite a while is a dehydrator.  I usually dry things like herbs in my oven and while this isn’t particularly power intensive (and a whole lot quicker and cleaner than hanging) it can be quite inconvenient.

My credit card collects points that can be used as cash in some stores.  I had quite a bit saved up on my rewards and for Christmas I was given a voucher for one of the stores where I can use my rewards.  That was it, I was on a mission. 

I found only one type of dehydrator there and only one in stock!  It was meant to be mine.  With the Boxing Day Sale discounts, my Sunbeam Food Dehydrator was a steal at $105!

As soon as I got home I was determined to try it out.  Herbs went in first.  The booklet with the dehydrator said that on the lowest setting (approx 35 deg Celsius) they should take 2 - 4 hours.  I increased it to the second setting (approx 55 deg Celsius) and it still took more than the 2 - 4 hours.

Fruit Leather

I wanted to dry some apples.  Miss Seven likes apples, but often doesn’t get through them.  I had been drying them in the oven, but this was just as inconvenient (probably more so) than drying herbs as it takes longer.  I sliced up four apples which filled up 3 of the trays.

The dehydrator also has a fruit leather tray, so I thought I might as well give that a go at the same time.  There was some fruit salad left over from Christmas day so that went through the blender and just filled the tray nicely.

The apples took a little longer than the 10 - 14 hours in the book, but turned out just fine.  The fruit leather took even longer. It still tastes great.  A reread of the book has made me realise that I should have drained the fruit salad first.  We’re now trying nectarines that I had bottled with a little honey and cinnamon.  They’ve come out a little tart, but still quite nice.

I wanted to use up the bananas that we weren’t going to get through, but by the time the apples were ready, they’d already gone  bit far - the skins were mostly black, so they’re in the freezer waiting for me to start baking banana cakes and muffins.  I’ve since bought some more and sliced two up and dried them.

My Prolific Grapevine

The grapevine that was here already is absolutely covered in grapes.  It’s really quite amazing how much is growing there.  They’re green grapes and I don’t drink white wine, so I have no intention of making any (unless I make it for vinegar) but I can’t stand waste.  I’d been wondering what I could do with so many grapes.  While Miss Seven loves grapes, there was no way she’d get through the mass loads that are growing.

I’m hoping to use the dehydrator to turn these grapes into sultanas or raisins.  I don’t know if these grapes are seedless (the chooks ate what grew last year) so I’m sure that deseeding a lot of grapes will get old really fast, maybe it’s something that I can do in smaller batches on a daily basis.

Updates and Lessons Learned

There have been a few things that I’ve posted about that I thought it was worth giving updates for.  I toyed with the idea of making a note at the bottom of the original page, but I don’t know if many of my readers go back and reread stuff they’ve already read.

Garlic

When I first started this blog, I wrote a piece about preserving garlic.  I found after a week, that my little jar of chopped garlic seemed to be constantly forming bubbles and leaking oil, so I put it in the fridge.  I’ve done this to garlic in the past and never seen this happen, so my only thought is that it may be because it was imported garlic from the supermarket.

My cloudy creamy garlic

In the fridge, the oil became cloudy first and then changed to a soft cream-like consistency.  The garlic has yellowed a little too.  It still tastes great and smells even better.  If I leave the jar out of the fridge, the oil returns to a more normal appearance.

I’ve seen this before when I was making my own herb infused oils.  Rosemary infused olive oil goes very cloudy when it’s cold but clears when it’s warm.  It’s quite normal and still perfectly okay to use.  If anyone has followed my recipe and is worrying that they’ve made a mistake or something is wrong.  Don’t.

Onion Jam

My jar of onion jam came out at New Years.  It didn’t last very long.  One of the friends who was staying with us ate it straight from the jar and raved over it.  It was delicious and very well received - even by those who normally pick 90% of onions cooked or raw, out of their food (Hubby).  I will be making some more.

Things I’ve Learned Over the Last Month

Pigs take a lot longer shagging than cows or chickens.  We were quite thoroughly impressed by George and Darla’s stamina in this respect.  Hopefully, we’ll have our first piglets in a few months. Three months, three weeks and three days I'm told.

Clipping a hen’s wing makes absolutely no difference if she’s already figured out how to climb out of the run.  After herding Scrappy (the last of our original chooks) back into the run a few times, I clipped a wing.  We took her back down to the run and put her in, only to watch her jump and then climb up the netting and come back out.  We have a few schemes in mind to keep her contained.  We’ve got out of the habit of closing doors to keep the chooks out so I’ve had to clean up a few messes inside and she’s eaten all the cat biscuits on more than one occasion.

We really need nesting boxes in the chook house.  When we built this version of the chook house, we left it as a nesting shelf.  Mrs Wolowitz has gone broody and is currently taking all of the eggs to sit on.  At last count there were over 20 eggs under her (barely, she’s a bantam).  When she’s hatched however many she’s going to, I’m going to get rid of the other eggs, put in boxes and mark the ones that any future broody hen is allowed to keep.  With four hens I shouldn’t need to be still buying eggs.

When the septic tank needs emptying, get it done before it’s really full.  We had to cut an easily removable lid in the top of ours.  It had a large concrete slab that the previous owner used to lift with a tractor for the septic tank man.  We don’t have the facilities to do this, so Hubby had to buy and borrow tools to be able to cut through the concrete and steel to make a smaller lid.

The side effect of this wait is that the tank was so full that it blocked up the pipes.  Months later, we’re still dealing with blocked pipes.  Most drainlayers aren’t interested in doing this kind of thing anymore, they only do new builds.  Anyone who would do it AND come all the way out here is going to charge through the nose so we’re getting used to clearing sewerage blockages.

When you buy a new freezer, check that it’s working before you put food in it.  We bought a large chest freezer (as we'll need one when we start calling out the home kill for cattle) and emptied our smaller chest freezer into it because the older one needed defrosting and cleaning.  There were two bags of pork bones, some hocks and fillets, the five big bags of savouries and three pizza slabs for New Years Eve, some bags of ice and a few other bits and pieces.  On New Years Eve, Hubby went to get some ice and found that the freezer wasn’t working.  The smell was dreadful and the waste was heartbreaking.  Fortunately, Fisher and Paykel are going to pay us out for the lost food.  Apparently this is a fairly common problem!

The puppy should be called Houdini and is the most talented escape artist ever.  For summer, his kennel is in a good shady spot and we were chaining him to it at night.  He’s chewed up two collars - one was a decent, expensive thick leather collar - and has figured out how to slip chains and chokers.  Hubby has built a big cage around his kennel, he has room to move around without needing to be chained up.  We’re living in hope that this will contain him.  He’s a big puppy and only seems to be getting bigger.

When money is tight, handmade Christmas presents beat all. I spent a day baking biscuits for my parents, I made fudge and coconut ice for Miss Seven and crochetted a dolls dress that seems to be the favourite present for Miss Seven.

A few years ago, when I was pregnant with Master Fifteen, money was very tight and I made little hampers for everyone.  They were personalised with preserves, shortbread, russian fudge - whatever I knew that the recipient liked.  Another year I made bath salts and oils for my mother and my mother-in-law.  I’ve given cross-stitch pictures as presents.  The fact that I’ve taken the time to make something seems to have more meaning than buying the perfect gift.