Changeable Spring Weather

About six weeks ago I was excited.  For the first time in a year, we'd gotten enough rainfall to actually have mud in the paddocks.  Not a lot of mud, but enough that in the places where my cattle congregate, they were squelching around and leaving their footprints behind.  I have never in my life been so excited about mud as I was then.  I never thought I'd ever be excited to have mud.

We still had puddles on the surface, but they were fewer and the ground around them was softening.

The paddocks have greened up and the grass has more than doubled in a week.

Then the gale force Nor'Westers started up.  For those unfamiliar with the Canterbury Nor'Wester - it's a foehn wind.  A hot dry wind that doesn't just dry up the land, it also causes all sorts of problems for people in it's path.  From migraines to increased suicide rates.

It got very hot very quickly.  What was supposed to be Spring gardening, became trying to find a shady spot that we could work in and still be following our plan.  Any work done out in the sun was in short bursts punctuated frequently by cold drink breaks and excuses to get in the shade.

Thanks to El Nino, we're forecast for another hot dry summer.  Local farmers are already getting nervous about paddock growth and making silage and hay as fast as they can.  Hay is becoming like gold.

For several weeks, we were seeing forecasts of a cold front and wet weather coming just a couple of days away.  Like last year though, that always seems to be a few days away and we just don't quite get it.

We had several days of 30 degrees Celsius.  All my gardening plans went out the window.  I shifted two wheelbarrow loads of stones and that was my limit.  I found myself almost making excuses to hide out inside.

The weather seemed to settle down and become consistently warmer with only the odd oppressively hot day.  I started to plant out the corn I'd started inside from seeds, I planted out my beans and I've planted out my potatoes.

Then I was excited about the rain this week.  We needed it and it was very welcome.

I wasn't half as excited about the snow that covered the mountain or the - 3 (Celsius) frost we got this morning.  So far my corn seems to be okay, but the beans are looking a bit sad.

At least the gales have stopped.

For now.

Trees!

Repeatedly, we've tried to plant more trees on our property.  We spent quite a bit of money on Tagasaste seedlings and planted them in bare shelter belts.  I went for tagasaste (tree lucerne) for it's wide range of uses - not only is it fairly quick growing shelter tree that won't destroy the paddocks around it like poplars do, but it is also a good tonic and fodder tree for livestock.

Unfortunately, naughty calves got into the shelter belt and ate them down to ground level.

Hubby spent $100 on pine seedlings and spent many hours working out where was the best place for them, digging the hard clay and rock soil, planting them with little stakes and seedling protectors and walking around regularly to water them.

They all died in a nasty hot summer anyway.

We bought several native plants of various sizes from Trade Me and from a garden centre.  We carefully planted them beside the creek, above the usual flood level, carefully staked them too. They got watered daily.

Then we got about two years worth of rainfall in a week.  This actually lifted the entire plants out of the soil and washed them away - I found a couple hanging precariously (with stakes and protectors still attached) on the edge of the bank.

I was given a small mountain of weeping willow switches by some friends who'd been trimming theirs.  I planted them all around the creek.  I watched them and tended them and they were doing well.

Then the same rainfall that took out the natives washed not just them but the land around them away down the creek and the few that survived were eaten by my naughty steers (at the time) who escaped from their paddock.

I have my moments when I truly despair trying to plant anything to hold the banks of the creek together and stop the erosion or provide shelter for my animals in extreme weather.  We've spent ridiculous amounts of money buying trees and taking the time and effort to treat them right and they die anyway.

I've taken cuttings, I've transplanted small trees, I've encouraged the odd crack willow that washes down the creek and takes root - even though I know them to be a pest in the waterways.  My thought is that it could work to stabilise part of the bank and allow me to plant other (better) things around it.  Even crack willows don't stay long enough to grow past a metre tall.

We do have plenty of wild plums and elder trees around the property though.  I've gotten to the point where I'm quite tempted to try encouraging their spread.

I've been told that gorse can work as an effective nursery plant.  It will shelter, feed and protect a young tree growing in it's midst and then when the tree is big enough, it tends to kill off the gorse.  Most of the elder is growing amidst gorse which is frustrating when I'm wanting to collect berries and flowers as I can't get to them, but also in that gorse and elder is honeysuckle, which strangles and buries everything.

We're going to try planting in amidst the gorse next.  I'm sprouting cuttings at the moment.  Wish me luck!

Lovely Spring Days and Garden Busyness

Today was the first day of daylight savings this year.  For all we'd been forecast for rain or overcast weather, it dawned bright and sunny and stayed that way.

As I've just changed the days I work to give me Sunday morning off, Hubby and I had been discussing what needed doing the most and what we were going to do today and had not come up with any clear plan.  There's always plenty to do and not enough time to get it all done.  We always seem to have at least ten projects on the go and which gets worked on depends on dramas that may make them more urgent, weather, motivation or just what we feel like doing today.

While I was waiting for him to come outside, I popped into one of our vege patches and started weeding.  The recent rains had made the weeds take off, so it was needed.  He came out and joined me.

One bolted Brussels Sprout plant

I've never grown Brussels Sprouts before, so I looked at my plants unsure whether they were supposed to look like this, or if they had bolted.  Miss Nine (very nearly Ten!) had a friend come over and her Mum is a keen and knowledgeable gardener so I asked her while she was here.  No, she told me, they've bolted.  Bugger.  I left two in (one purple and one normal one) to go to seed and hopefully their babies will be more successful.  The rest I pulled up and gave to the cattle.  

Just in case we'd forgotten, the chooks reminded us why the vege patch has bird netting.

Our self-sown radishes were just starting to bolt, so I've left a few for seed and pulled up the rest.  I'm the only one who eats radishes, so I might have a go at making the rest into a pickle or chutney rather than let them go to waste.

We started on the next patch, which we got through quite quickly given how neglected it's been over the last few months.  Planted some green beans and two grafted tomato plants in there and it seems to be fairly full now, or rather it will be as soon as they all get bigger. 

At that point, we stopped for lunch and tried to decide what we were going to do for the afternoon.  My body was struggling with anything heavy so I suggested we go and work on the paths and whatnot that we're putting in front of the tyre wall garden.

Hubby has been getting stones from a workmate who has been doing some work at his place that involved getting rid of several tonnes of stones.  So far the estimate for what we've taken is at four tonnes and they've been sitting in the driveway waiting for us to get their final home sorted.  Yesterday while out shopping for other things, we bought several rolls of weedmat just for this, so I thought it would be a good idea to lay the weedmat and start shifting stones. 

I did the lighter work of laying the weedmat and tucking it around the tyres, while Hubby shovelled stones into the wheelbarrow and followed me along tipping it onto the weedmat.  Initially it was just enough to hold the weedmat in place, then it was dump and spread.

Once we got to that stage, I started weeding the tyres too.  We'd filled in underneath them with weeds and garden trimmings, so there's plenty of weeds growing up through them.  Less than half of the tyres are filled with any kind of soil or compost so far.  Those I have filled in the past, much of it has settled and sunk and needs topping up.  Although the strawberries I planted in a few of the tyres a couple of years ago are still going strong and even giving us babies on runners.

We've moved about a quarter of the stones now before deciding that was enough for today.  I'm proud of what we've managed to achieve in just one motivated Spring day.

Garlic

I've always grown garlic.  I love garlic and eat quite a bit of it.  I also love having garlic tied in plaits hanging somewhere in my kitchen.

My results in the past have been inconsistent though and it was only in the past year that I learned why.

I usually plant a few cloves of garlic around my roses.  It helps keep some of the bugs off them.  While they've always grown, looking back, there was a large proportion that didn't grow very big or were single bulbs.  Those single bulbs were a good size for a clove of garlic, but they hadn't separated into more usable garlic as we usually know it.

I grew some in it's own bed and they tended to stay small.  That was in town and our soil was mostly sand though.  I also put it down to having used garlic from the supermarket as my seed.

Last year, I was leafing through a gardening magazine at a friend's place and there was an article about growing better garlic.  It said there was a lot of urban 'wisdom' about garlic that was just incorrect and that people wanting to grow garlic more successfully should discard it and start treating garlic with more respect.

Firstly, garlic prefers to have it's own bed and be fairly well spaced - at least 30cm (12 inches) apart.  That was a new one for me, having always been told to plant it closer than that and around my roses.  Perhaps that idea was more for the roses' benefit than for the garlic?

Secondly, that garlic likes a heavily manured and very rich soil.  I had been told garlic would grow anywhere, in any conditions, and thrived like most herbs, in poor soil.

The last thing I remember from this article was that your garlic beds needed to be kept well-weeded.  Garlic in it's own bed doesn't like competition and a weed-free bed will grow better garlic.

Looking back at all of this, it does seem rather obvious from a gardening point of view.  Most plants I grow do better without competition from weeds and good soil always makes a difference.  I don't usually do a single crop in a bed or garden because companion planting has produced better results for me, but maybe, as I said earlier, garlic being a companion for something else is not an equal exchange where the garlic is concerned.

When we lived in town, we built some large planter boxes to grow veges in.  It was rather a necessity as any good soil that was added to the sand we had would lose all nutrients rather quickly and sink into the sandy soil and become sour within a season.  A built up and lined bed, filled with good quality bio-blend soil from a garden centre was a necessity for growing any veges (other than beans - they seemed to love the crappy soil and grew like triffids).

We took the boxes with us when we moved.  We never quite knew what we were going to do with them and they were moved several times before they found their current spot.  I think we've had too many choices and between everything else that has needed doing and water issues, they just sat there.

About a year ago, I laid a thick layer of pine needles in each of them to keep weeds down and covered that with flattened cardboard boxes.   Then the planter boxes became a default compost heap or more correctly, a dumping ground for organic stuff that we didn't really know where to put. They became filled with straw, sawdust and chook poo from cleaning out the chookhouses.  They got ash from the fireplace.  They got lawn clippings and some smaller tree branches.

I used some of the badly composted results last year when I was filling up the tyres that I grew potatoes in.  Otherwise, they just sat there like an accusation of laziness and grand ideas that hadn't been followed through.

After reading a fiction book that had a stables as part of the setting, there was a scene where one of the characters had to go and dig over what they called "shite mountain".  The manure from the stable was heaped into a big pile, covered with feed sacks and once a week, someone had to turn it over, poke a few holes in it, water it thoroughly and cover it up again.  The process was explained - the watering and covering killed off any grass seeds that may be in it, as well as created a humid environment that broke it all down.

This caught my imagination as I looked out over the paddock where my cow has been staying.  I'd been constantly raking up the old hay and her manure to try and keep her paddock fairly clean.  I'd had a few ideas about what I was going to do with it all, but nothing that had stood out.  While I wasn't planning to build a Shite mountain, I thought a planter box could work.

I filled one planter box with hay and cow poo.  As I went, I soaked it and covered it with feedsacks held down by tyres.  By the time I was about halfway, Hubby noticed and joined in.  We turned it over probably once a month and celebrated the big worms that were starting to appear.  The last time we turned it over, Hubby suggested adding chook poo and sawdust to lighten it up.

By this time, we'd filled the second planter box with old hay and manure.  We've left this one open.  No sacks on top.  Partly this was a case of we hadn't gotten around to it, partly running low on feed sacks and partly to see if the difference was noticeable.

This is the box that was left uncovered.

We couldn't decide whether to dig the chookhouse sweepings through, or leave it as a mulch layer on top.  The mulch layer has worked extremely well another vege garden.  So in the spirit of experimentation, we divided the box in half lengthways.  Half was dug through and half was left on top.  Widthways, half was covered again and half was left exposed.

The mulch side is at the bottom, dug through at the top.

This morning I planted garlic in this bed.  The mulch side had fewer weeds and was easier to plant in.  The other side seemed richer and more composted.

Left end was uncovered for the last few months and right covered.  Mulch bottom and dug through top.

I guess the proof will be in the garlic harvest.

Perseverance and Spinning Madly

I think I mentioned it elsewhere, I have been given a lot of unwashed fleeces from both sheep and alpacas.  When I started working on the alpaca fleece, I didn't realise it hadn't been washed until I'd carded the lot and then started spinning.  It was when my fingers turned black from working with it that I realised.

I still haven't gotten very far through the alpaca fleece. And I've only washed two or maybe three of the sheep fleeces I was given before the weather and drying conditions turned against me.  Meanwhile, I have a small mountain of washed fleece waiting to be spun, so I've been trying to get through it.

Washed sheep's fleeces waiting for carding and spinning.

One of the alpaca fleeces though caused a rather rare (for me) ragequit.  I actually took the bobbin off the spinning wheel and threw it.  The wool is short and soft, rather like persian cat hair.  It doesn't spin up nicely at all, regardless of how short my draft is and the thread breaks constantly.

Bloody awful alpaca fleece

This is how it spun up.

It sat in time out in my spare room while I rather resentfully pretended to ignore it and treated it as a betrayal of my trust, while I hoped it learned it's lesson.

I hate waste though.  I hate giving up on something.  I hate finding out I can't do something.  So it sat in the back of my mind while I tried to figure out how to win this battle.

Then it occurred to me to blend it with the much longer and sturdier texel fleece.  Slap forehead, D'oh.

It's terribly obvious as a solution really, but I hadn't been thinking like that. 

It also meant that Hubby could get his socks that aren't creamy white and stop being so obnoxious about the colour of his socks.  It's not like he wears shorts often enough that woolen socks would be visible anyway.

Blending it is fairly simple, I start with some of the texel fleece on my carding comb and add a rough layer of the alpaca fleece and card back and forth until there are no big obvious blobs of brown.  Once it's spun, the colour is uneven, but I think this is a funky feature and we all like it.

Texel fleece on carding comb.

Add some alpaca fleece.

Start carding back and forth to mix up the colours and fleeces.

Sufficiently blended for me.

A rolag ready to spin.

This is how it spins up - this is still a single and not plyed.

So far I've made three pairs of socks with this.  The alpaca fleece makes them warmer and snugglier.  I've had to start adding special stripes so we know whose is whose.

Same yarn knitted into a sock.

Two stripes is Miss Nine's sock.

Winter as a Time of Abundance?

Normally, I would think of Winter as being a time of scarcity.  The grass doesn't grow, the veges (mostly) don't grow and feed for ourselves and our animals is difficult.

While the grass is a fairly large problem this year because we're still in drought, it seems to be the only thing that is scarce for us.

We left our cull later than we should have - partly due to not having the funds to have the homekill man out and pay for the butchering of the cattlebeasts.  But suddenly, we seemed to have money thrown at us from all directions, so we got two steers, three pigs and three hoggets slaughtered.  I still did the butchering of the pigs and sheep and I'm still grateful that there was a two week gap between them as that was a lot of work to do on my own.  By the last sheep I was so over it that it got the barest minimum cuts made to still have meals worth having.

We bought a new chest freezer.  We dithered about it, we went back and forth between chest freezer and upright.  I know that while an upright freezer might officially be a certain size, you lose a fair bit of that in the shelves and drawers, but they are more user friendly.  We decided on the chest freezer in the end for it's capacity and it's now filled to that capacity.

I was a little disturbed by my hoggets.  They looked quite fat and healthy until their skins were off.  There was almost no fat on them at all.  All three were extremely lean.  It showed me that they were not eating as well as they seemed to have been.  Worms and parasites were not an issue on inspection.

I've been feeding out to my remaining sheep, especially as that's (hopefully) all pregnant ewes, but they don't seem to be interested in hay or balage.  They'll have a nibble at it and then go back to sticking their heads through fences to eat the shelter belts.  They all genuinely seem fat though and the neighbour thinks they're in good health.  There are just a few piles of hay still sitting in their paddock to be nibbled at now and then.

So we have meat in abundance because of the cull.  I will probably not need to buy meat for the next year at least and this time, there is variety.

Brownie my housecow seems to have ramped up production of milk.  Where I was getting two litres a day from her which was ample for our needs, I'm now getting between three and six litres.  The calf is still with her and she hasn't weaned him.  I'm also getting more cream from it.  I'm currently out of cheese cultures and the place I usually get them from is out of stock on my cultures, so I've got every possible jug and bottle filled with milk and it's still not enough.  I'm freezing milk as often as I have plastic bottles and freezer space to put it in and I'm still worrying about wasting milk.

So I have milk in abundance.

For some reason, my chickens have also ramped up their laying.  My youngest hens would be coming up to three years old, well past their prime laying days and it's been a cold winter, but lately, the eggs have quadrupled.  At this time of year, I expect maybe four eggs on an average day, I'm currently getting an average of 16 eggs a day.  I still have all the different types of preserved eggs I did a while ago so there's not much point in adding more.  I've been giving eggs to anyone who stops in.

And I have eggs in abundance.

Putting the bird-netting around the vege gardens has worked to keep the chooks out of my garden so that plants can actually grow.  We planted some winter greens that are doing very well.  In one of them, we mulched quite heavily with chook poo and sawdust from cleaning out the henhouses and some torn up egg trays.  Those plants are about four times the size of others in another garden that were planted only two weeks later - and that was a couple of months ago.  This garden is doing so well that plants I'd thought the hens had destroyed have come back and are growing well.  Plants that aren't supposed to live during winter, but they've had hard frosts that didn't thaw for a week and a couple of dumpings of snow and they're still thriving.

Soon it seems we'll have those veges in abundance.

Don't get me wrong, I'm loving it, but I can't quite figure out what I've done right to get so much abundance in Winter.

Ham and Bacon

A lot of people have expressed surprise that I not only butcher my own pigs, but I also cure my own ham and bacon.

There seems to be this idea that it's a lot of hard work and that it always comes out too salty.

I brine both ham and bacon (with different mixes) and find that it's not a lot of work at all.  Once the brine is mixed to satisfaction, it's a matter of placing the cuts in the bucket and leaving them in the fridge for a week.  After a week, I check to be sure the cure has gone all the way through, rinse them (this can take time and lots of water) then slice them, bag them and freeze them.

Bags of sliced bacon

This time I hired a meat slicer for slicing up the bacon and ham.  It was probably not the best model and I don't believe it was worth what I paid for it for the weekend.  I may just buy one myself, even using it only twice a year means it's paid for itself in just over a year.

The bacon was challenging to slice (better once I'd let it airdry for about an hour), but since the ham is baked (to an internal temp of 68 C), it made slicing it far easier.

I got my Bacon Cure mix and Prague Powder from Oskarbutcher.

The recipes and processes are as follows:

Ham

3/4 C salt
1 C Brown Sugar
1/4 C Molasses
1/4 tsp ground cloves
3 tsp prague powder #1

Mix all in warm water.  The salination of the brine is right if a fresh egg floats.  If the egg doesn't float, add equal parts of brown sugar and salt until the egg does float.

Place pork to be cured in brine and ensure that it's completely submerged (a plate on top can help as the meat tends to float).

Place in the fridge for 1 day per kg of meat.

Check the cure has gone right through.  Rinse ham and let soak in clean water.
Cut a small piece, fry and taste to check for saltiness.  If the ham is still too salty, let it rinse some more.
Cook at 150C until an internal temperature of 68C is reached.

Notes: 

I've never found it clear whether it's per kg of total meat or for each individual cut.  Most recently, I had 7 kg of ham in 5 different pieces (two were legs on the bone).  I almost forgot about it, so it cured for 9 days and wasn't noticeably different from last time when it cured for 4 days.

When I'm rinsing the ham, I leave my bucket under the tap with the tap running at it's slowest without just dripping and check it hourly.

Baking the ham this way does not affect it's ability to soak in a tasty glaze if you freeze it and then cook it later.  We used a leg ham for Christmas dinner last year and the brown sugar and orange juice glaze I made still soaked right through and tasted great.

Because I'm using whole legs, I use a 15 litre food grade bucket.  I need at least 3C each of brown sugar and salt for this.

Bacon

1 part bacon cure
1 part salt (not iodised)
1/2 part brown sugar

Dissolve in water until a fresh egg floats.  Submerge meat in brine.  Keep in the fridge for 4 - 7 days.  Soak in fresh water for 1 hour and test for saltiness.

Notes:

This mix can also be used as a dry rub in the same proportions, rubbed thoroughly into the meat every 2 or 3 days and finished off in the same way.